Standard Ketogenic Diet (SKD) — Diets
Very low carbohydrate, high fat diet inducing nutritional ketosis for metabolic flexibility and neurological benefits.
Overview
The Standard Ketogenic Diet (SKD) restricts carbohydrates to 20-50 g/day (5-10% of calories), with 70-80% of calories from fat and 15-20% from protein. This macronutrient ratio shifts primary fuel utilization from glucose to ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, acetone). Originally developed for epilepsy treatment in the 1920s, SKD now has strong RCT evidence for type 2 diabetes management, weight loss, and neurological conditions. Meta-analyses confirm significant improvements in glycemic control, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol, though LDL responses are variable.
Indications
- Type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance
- Weight loss and body composition improvement
- Drug-resistant epilepsy
- Neurological protection and cognitive support
- Metabolic flexibility enhancement
Mechanism of Action
Severe carbohydrate limitation depletes glycogen and lowers insulin, triggering hepatic ketogenesis
Dosing
| Compound | Dose | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Ketogenic Diet | 20-50 g carbs/day; 70-80% fat; 15-20% protein | Daily | Target blood ketones 0.5-3.0 mmol/L |
Safety & Contraindications
- Keto flu symptoms (fatigue, headache, nausea) during first 1-2 weeks of adaptation
- Potential LDL cholesterol increase in some individuals (lean mass hyper-responders)
- Risk of kidney stones with prolonged ketosis
- Micronutrient deficiencies (magnesium, potassium, sodium) if not managed
- Not recommended for type 1 diabetes, pancreatitis, or liver failure