DIM — Supplements
Cruciferous vegetable metabolite that modulates estrogen metabolism toward favorable hydroxylation pathways.
Overview
Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a stable metabolite of indole-3-carbinol (I3C), formed during digestion of cruciferous vegetables. DIM modulates estrogen metabolism by promoting 2-hydroxylation over 16-alpha-hydroxylation and 4-hydroxylation pathways, potentially shifting the ratio toward less estrogenic and less genotoxic metabolites. Emerging evidence supports its use in estrogen-dominant conditions, though large-scale clinical trials are limited. DIM also activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and may have antiproliferative properties.
Indications
- Estrogen metabolism optimization
- Hormone balance support
- Estrogen-dominant symptom management
- Adjunctive support in hormone-sensitive conditions
Mechanism of Action
DIM induces CYP1A1 enzyme activity, promoting 2-hydroxylation of estrogens
Dosing
| Compound | Dose | Frequency | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| DIM | 200 mg | Once daily | Microencapsulated or bioenhanced forms preferred for absorption |
Evidence Grade
GRADE C
Safety & Contraindications
- May alter estrogen metabolism; monitor hormones in hormone-sensitive conditions
- GI side effects (gas, changes in urine color/odor) are common and harmless
- May interact with estrogen-metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A1, CYP1A2)
- Avoid with tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors without medical guidance