Rhodiola Rosea — Adaptogen / botanical
Rhodiola rosea is an arctic adaptogenic root standardized to rosavins (3%) and salidroside (1%) (SHR-5 extract in most RCTs). Mechanisms: (1) HPA axis modulation — reduces cortisol response to stress; (2) Inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B (mild antidepressant-like); (3) Stimulates serotonin and dopamine synthesis; (4) Anti-fatigue via ATP synthesis enhancement in mitochondria; (5) Increases β-endorphins; (6) AMPK activation with metabolic effects. Adaptogen category: non-specific resistance — increases tolerance to physical, chemical, and biological stressors. Unlike stimulants, does not deplete reserves.
Overview
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Compound Class
Adaptogen / botanical
Mechanism of Action
Rhodiola rosea is an arctic adaptogenic root standardized to rosavins (3%) and salidroside (1%) (SHR-5 extract in most RCTs). Mechanisms: (1) HPA axis modulation — reduces cortisol response to stress; (2) Inhibits MAO-A and MAO-B (mild antidepressant-like); (3) Stimulates serotonin and dopamine synthesis; (4) Anti-fatigue via ATP synthesis enhancement in mitochondria; (5) Increases β-endorphins; (6) AMPK activation with metabolic effects. Adaptogen category: non-specific resistance — increases tolerance to physical, chemical, and biological stressors. Unlike stimulants, does not deplete reserves.
Regulatory Status
OTC dietary supplement. Traditional Herbal Medicinal Product (THMP) status in some EU countries.
Evidence Level
Moderate — multiple RCTs for fatigue, stress, and performance. Swedish Agency for Medicinal Products approved SHR-5 for fatigue in Europe (traditional herbal medicinal product). No US guidelines.