Magnesium Glycinate — Essential mineral / cofactor
Magnesium is a cofactor in >300 enzymatic reactions including ATP synthesis, DNA replication/repair, protein synthesis, and muscle contraction. Acts as physiologic calcium antagonist at NMDA receptors (anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sleep-promoting). Required for Vitamin D hydroxylation (CYP27B1). Regulates insulin receptor signaling (insulin resistance is worsened by deficiency). Supports HPA axis regulation. Estimated 50–75% of Americans are deficient by RDA. Glycinate form chelated with glycine — superior bioavailability and tolerability vs. oxide; also provides glycine's calming effects. L-Threonate form uniquely crosses blood-brain barrier; studied for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.
Overview
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Compound Class
Essential mineral / cofactor
Mechanism of Action
Magnesium is a cofactor in >300 enzymatic reactions including ATP synthesis, DNA replication/repair, protein synthesis, and muscle contraction. Acts as physiologic calcium antagonist at NMDA receptors (anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sleep-promoting). Required for Vitamin D hydroxylation (CYP27B1). Regulates insulin receptor signaling (insulin resistance is worsened by deficiency). Supports HPA axis regulation. Estimated 50–75% of Americans are deficient by RDA. Glycinate form chelated with glycine — superior bioavailability and tolerability vs. oxide; also provides glycine's calming effects. L-Threonate form uniquely crosses blood-brain barrier; studied for synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.
Regulatory Status
OTC dietary supplement. No prescription form except IV magnesium sulfate (hospital use).
Evidence Level
Moderate-High — multiple RCTs support sleep improvement (MMSE scores), migraine prevention, and glycemic control. Deficiency strongly linked to clinical outcomes.