GHK-Cu — Copper-binding tripeptide / wound-healing peptide
GHK-Cu (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine complexed with copper) activates over 4,000 genes involved in tissue remodeling. Stimulates collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Activates stem cells and TGF-β1 pathways. Anti-inflammatory via down-regulation of NF-κB. Promotes angiogenesis through VEGF and FGF-2. Copper chelation activity modulates metalloproteinase activity (MMPs) for wound debridement and remodeling.
Overview
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Compound Class
Copper-binding tripeptide / wound-healing peptide
Mechanism of Action
GHK-Cu (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine complexed with copper) activates over 4,000 genes involved in tissue remodeling. Stimulates collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Activates stem cells and TGF-β1 pathways. Anti-inflammatory via down-regulation of NF-κB. Promotes angiogenesis through VEGF and FGF-2. Copper chelation activity modulates metalloproteinase activity (MMPs) for wound debridement and remodeling.
Regulatory Status
Not FDA approved as a drug. GHK-Cu is widely used as a cosmetic ingredient (no drug claim); wound-care products may carry FDA 510(k) clearance in some formulations.
Evidence Level
Moderate — strong in vitro/preclinical data and clinical topical studies for wound healing and skin aging; limited RCT data for systemic use